Melanoma is a type of skin cancer which is also known as malignant melanoma. Melanomas typically occur in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines or eye. The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure with low levels of skin pigment. Using sunscreen and avoiding UV light may prevent melanoma which is a most dangerous type of skin cancer. Treatment is typically removed by surgery which is more common in men than in women. Melanomas are usually caused with the damage of DNA when exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun where genetics also would be the play role. 

Leprosy which is also known as Hansen’s disease is a long-term infection by the bacteria. At the beginning stage infections occur without any symptoms and these typically remain for 5 to 20 years. Leprosy is a contagious disease which spreads between people through a cough or contact with fluid from the nose of an infected person. Leprosy could be detected by acid-fast bacilli in a skin biopsy or by detecting the DNA which is curable with a treatment known as multidrug therapy. Although the number of new leprosy cases occurring each year is important as a measure of transmission, it is difficult to measure due to leprosy's long incubation period, delays in diagnosis after once the disease is attacked, and the lack of laboratory tools to detect it in the very early stages. Multidrug therapy (MDT) remains highly effective and people could not be infected after the first monthly dose.

As the science and technology are advancing daily the advantages of aesthetic therapy is one of the most valuable contributions that medical aestheticians can bring to a business is to lower costs per treatment. Skincare is a huge growth area in medical aesthetics. Aesthetic medicines and Cosmetic Surgery focus on reshaping cosmetic appearance through the treatment of conditions like skin laxity, scars, moles,  skin discoloration, excess fat, unwanted hairs and spider veins. These aesthetic medicine and cosmetic surgery procedures are very elective and are implemented on patients who do not suffer from any sickness. International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) performed an international survey on cosmetics according to which, worldwide 9,645,395 surgical procedures and 10,591,506 non-surgical procedures were performed by 2017. 

Dermatologists have been most prominent professionalism in the field of cosmetic surgery even. Cosmetology is the study and application of beauty treatment which include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non-permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and Intense Pulsed Light. A cosmetologist is a one who is an expert in the care of hair and makeup as well as skincare and beauty products. On the other hand they can offer other services such as coloring, extensions, perms and straightening. Cosmetologists help their clients improve on or acquire a certain look by applying advance trending aesthetic applications.

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It is of two type’s reconstructive surgery which includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns and the other is cosmetic or aesthetic surgery which aims at improving the appearance of it. Aesthetic or Cosmetic surgery is an essential component of plastic surgery and includes facial and body aesthetic surgery. Plastic surgeons use cosmetic surgical principles in all reconstructive surgical procedures as well as isolated operations to improve overall appearance of humans. A range of lasers are used to treat various skin conditions including scars, vascular and pigmented lesions, and for photorejuvenation. The laser surgery for dermatology often bypasses the skin surface this results in removal of unwanted tissue by laser surgery. 

Allergy also known as allergic diseases are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Substances that come into contact with the skin, such as latex, are also common causes of allergic reactions known as contact dermatitis or eczema. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine as in determatology even whereas Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of immunity in health and disease. Several areas have special attention such as photo-immunology inflammatory diseases such as Hidradenitis suppurativa allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema presumably autoimmune skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis, and finally the immunology of microbial skin diseases such as retrovirus infections and leprosy

The exciting field of Aesthetic Medicine is a new trend in modern medicine. The real benefit of practicing Aesthetic therapy is a type of care that practitioners are offering to their customers. Aesthetic medicine is an inclusive term for specialties that focus on improving cosmetic appearance through the treatment of conditions including scars, skin laxity, wrinkles, moles, liver spots, excess fat, cellulite, unwanted hair, skin discoloration, and spider veins. Aesthetic medicine includes both surgical procedures and non-surgical procedures and practitioners may utilize a combination of both. 

Any medical condition that affects the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system acts as a barrier against the external environment. The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles the other is hair-bearing skin. Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units each with hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle. The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin a squamous epithelium with several strata. The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and comprises two sections the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia.

Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue which it forms a mass and is commonly referred to as a tumor. Prior to the abnormal growth of tissue as neoplasia, cells often undergo an abnormal pattern of growth such as metaplasia or dysplasia. A neoplasm can be caused by an abnormal proliferation of tissues which can be caused by genetic mutations. Neoplastic tumors are often heterogeneous and contain more than one type of cell, but their initiation and continued growth is usually dependent on a single population of neoplastic cells.

Pediatric dermatologists diagnose a wide variety of skin disorders including birthmarks skin infections, dermatitis. Pediatric Dermatology is a subspecialty of dermatology that provides specialization in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions in babies, children and adolescents. The impact of abnormal skin irritations and conditions can result in feelings of emotional inadequacy in children. Atopic Eczema, also called Dermatitis, is a skin condition that is usually found in small children. Atopic Dermatitis can include a variety of skin conditions with symptoms including red, itchy, oozing and scaling skin. Atopic Eczema in babies also called Infantile Dermatitis is usually found on the face and scalp and causes the skin to itch and ooze.  

Skin cancers arise from the skin which is due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburns and increases the risk of three types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Nonmelanoma skin cancer may appear as a firm red nodule, a scaly growth that bleeds or develops a crust. It most often occurs on the nose, forehead, ears, lower lip, hands, and other sun-exposed areas of the body. Skin cancer affects people of all skin tones including those with darker complexions. When melanoma occurs in people with dark skin tones, it's more likely to occur in areas not normally exposed to the sun, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.  

Vitiligo is a long term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins in which hair from the skin of mouth and nose may also become white. Most often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun and are more noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo may result in psychological stress. There is no known cure for vitiligo and for those with light skin sunscreen and makeup are typically recommended. Other treatment options may include steroid creams or phototherapy to darken the light patches.

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin which are typically red, itchy, and scaly. There are five main types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic, whereas plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is mainly caused by environmental factors. Plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery-white scaly skin. These areas are called plaques and are most commonly found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and back. Psoriasis is characterized by an abnormally excessive and rapid growth of the epidermal layer of the skin. Abnormal production of skin cells and an overabundance of skin cells result from the sequence of pathological events in psoriasis. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. There is no cure for psoriasis however various treatments can help control the symptoms. These treatments include steroid creams, vitamin D3 cream, ultraviolet light and immune system suppressing medications, such as methotrexate.

Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun. Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation will often produce a suntan. Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of primarily non-malignant skin tumors. Sunscreen is widely agreed to prevent sunburn and some types of skin cancer. The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the skin. Many commercial products are available that block UV light, known as sunscreens or sunblock’s. They have a sun protection factor (SPF) rating, based on the sunblock's ability to suppress sunburn.

Keloid is the formation of a type of scar depending on its maturity which is also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation collagen tissue at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced. Keloids are firm rubbery lesions and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color. A keloid scar is benign and not contagious but sometimes accompanied by severe itchiness pain and changes in texture. Pityriasis rosea is a type of skin rash and the cause of pityriasis rosea is not certain, but its clinical presentation and immunologic reactions suggest a viral infection as just a cause. It typically remains less than three months and disappears without any treatment. Sometimes fever may occur before the start of the rash or itchiness may be present at the beginning stage of Pityriasis rosea but does not appear to be contagious. Moderate itching due to skin over-dryness is much more common, especially if soap is used to cleanse the affected areas.

Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness which refers to loss of hair from part of the head or body which causes psychological distress in some people. A key aspect of hair loss with age is the aging of the hair follicle. Baldness is the partial or complete lack of hair growth which is a major topic of hair thinning. Trichology is the branch of dermatology that deals with study of the health of hair and scalp. The main cause of hair loss is a due to genetics, male hormones and autoimmune which differs from male and female patterns.

Hyperpigmentation is caused due to increased melanin which darkens of an area of skin or nails. It is caused by sun damage including those related to acne vulgaris.  People with darker skin tones are more prone to hyperpigmentation especially with excess sun exposure. Treatment of hyperpigmentation caused by melanin overproduction includes the use of topical depigmenting agents. Hyperpigmentation can sometimes be induced by dermatological laser procedures. Another form of hyperpigmentation is post inflammatory hyperpigmentation which are dark and discolored spots that appear on the skin.

Specialty of medicinal science that encompasses the complete range of diseases and conditions of the skin, hair and nails. Skin protects the body fights against infection maintains shelter for blood vessels and sweat glands that regulate temperature shields from damaging ultraviolet radiation and harmful environmental chemicals and toxins and also alerts the brain to sensitive touch smells and impending pain. It also reflects many emotions such as growing pale and blushing. Healthy hair is considered to be one of our most important and a desired feature which is comprised of keratin a lifeless substance which protects skin, warms the body, and brows/lashes keep dirt and particles from injuring the eyes. Nails are also comprised of keratin. Several nail funguses and infections can be caused by inadequate hand washing, unsanitary manicures and pedicures, improper nail trimming and even tight shoes. Diseases such as diabetes and treatments for cancer can harm the nails.